Carry out functional testing, user acceptance testing and usability testing

Right Decision Service implementation guide
National

A key part of the development process for all software is repeated testing and validation. This can be formalised as three key processes, detailed in the Standard Operating Procedure on testing.

Functional testing

This involves planning, assembly and running of carefully chosen test cases to ensure that DSS functionality and content delivery operate as intended.

Test cases are based on scenarios that check whether the intended functionality of your software operates correctly. The test case is a set of steps to be carried out to test whether the functionality works as expected.

 

Examples of test cases (in increasing order of complexity):

Example test case ID 1

Step 1. Enter correct URL for homepage of the DSS toolkit.

Result: Check that homepage loads with tiles representing the required sections of the website.

 

Example test case ID 2 – using visual pathway tool

Step 1. Click on link to access a visual pathway.

Step 2 Click on “I” information icon within a node in the pathway.

Result: Check that information panel loads with all text visible and formatted as intended.

 

Example test case ID 3 – using question and answer tool

Step 1. Enter correct URL to navigate to Lower Urinary Tract Assessment Tool for people over 65.

Step 2. Click on “Get Started” button.

Result: Check that page loads with question “Is a urinary catheter present?”

Step 3: Select “Yes” radio button.

Result: Check that page loads with the correct list of symptoms for patients with a urinary catheter in place.

 

Example test case ID 4 – using clinical calculator.

Step 1. Enter correct URL to navigate to NEWS2 calculator (Early Warning Score calculator)

Steps 2-9: These steps will prompt selection of specific ranges or values from lists for respiratory rate, oxygen saturation scale, oxygen saturation, breathing with air or oxygen, systolic blood pressure, pulse, consciousness or temperature.

Result: Check that page loads with correct risk score and recommendations for values selected.

For algorithmic DSS, such as those produced by the question and answer tool and clinical calculators, you will often need to work out many permutations of values to produce a complete set of test cases. You can ask for help and advice from the Right Decision Service team. In some cases, it may be recommended to seek technical support for carrying out automated test cases.

A spreadsheet listing your test cases and results of testing is a good way to document your functional testing and to quickly identify any issues.

Note that the core functionality of the underpinning Right Decision Service platform – e.g. search and browse – has already been tested at development stage. Your testing should focus on the content and functionality you create using the RDS tools.

Usability testing

Usability testing aims to:

  • Identify problems in the design of the product or service
  • Uncover opportunities to improve
  • Learn about the target user’s behaviour and preferences

End-users are provided with instructions to carry out specific tasks. Their actions, perceptions and tasks are recorded as they perform tasks.

You can carry out usability testing in person, sitting beside the user as they work through tasks, and asking them to talk through their actions and thoughts as they go. Or you can conduct usability testing remotely, for example via MS Teams.

Another option is to carry out un-facilitated testing, using an online questionnaire where users can record their experiences and their valuation of usability of the system. The System Usability Scale and the Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS) are validated tools for usability testing.

Usability testing does not need to involve a lot of time and resource. Nielsen advises that 70-80% of usability problems can usually be identified by only 5 users, depending on the complexity of the software.

You can find out more about usability testing at the UK Government usability testing website and at the Nielsen Norman user experience website.

End-user acceptance testing

User acceptance testing (UAT) involves testing software in the real world by its intended audience. It is often the last stage in the development process before going live with your decision support tool.

Key stages in user acceptance testing include:

  1. Identifying and defining real-world test scenarios. These test scenarios should be based on the requirements analysis described in Section 2.2.1 above. You may also want to encourage users to carry out their own testing using their own scenarios, as they may uncover real world situations you have not thought of or prioritised.
  2. Select the testing team. You may invite only a select number of end users to test the software, or you may open up testing to more participants by offering a free trial over the web.
  3. Test and document. End-users should be provided with a template or online form to enable them to carry out the testing, logging any potential bugs or other issues. The testing template or form should prompt the user to enter relevant details that will help you to reproduce the error – e.g. which browser, device or operating system they are testing on; what particular links or downloads did not work; any error messages they encountered.
  4. Update software, retest and sign off. The development team analyses the testing results, resolves any bugs and makes agreed changes -- and then retests. Once the software meets the users' criteria, you can sign off on the changes.