Warning

NHS Borders 

For a copy of this information in

  • another language
  • audiotape
  • Braille

telephone: 01896 827181

"Information given on this site is not meant to take the place of a talk with your doctor or health worker."

What is psychosis?

It is a mental health condition, when the sufferer is not able to tell what is real from what is not. At times you can feel as if you have lost contact with reality.

What is likely to cause psychosis?

It can be caused by:

  • lack of sleep
  • severe fever
  • withdrawals from drug or alcohol dependency
  • certain experiences, or traumatic events
  • recreational use of drugs, such as cannabis, ecstasy or LSD and 'legal highs'
  • abuse or trauma
  • family history
  • bereavement
  • extreem stress

It is thought that psychosis can run in your family and be passed down from your parents.

How do we identify psychosis?

It may be through changes in your behaviour and the things you say and feel. Friends and family may notice the changes first. However, you may also feel there is nothing wrong with you, which makes it very difficult to ask for help.

The most common symptoms are those of seeing, hearing, smelling, or tasting things, which are not there or experienced by other people. These are called hallucinations.

You may also:

  • feel paranoid, perhaps feeling as if people are 'out to get you' - victimised, persecuted or threatened
    have unusual beliefs, which are not shared by others. For instance you may believe you are royalty a
    celebrity or a religious figure - these are delusions
  • believe that others are controlling you and your behaviour - these are called delusions
  • hear voices that other people don't. These can be positive, helpful and comforting or nasty and hostile
  • experience 'flight of ideas' i.e. linking words together because of how they sound rather than what they mean

All of the above may lead to irrational behaviour, determined by your beliefs.

If someone is very distressed by a psychotic episode it can begin to affect their work, family life and may even require admission to hospital.

Effects of psychosis

Psychosis affects people in a whole range of ways. Some people only experience it once in their lives. Others live with frequent short bursts or episodes while others live their lives with ongoing symptoms of psychosis.

Some people who experience psychosis do not find it distressing i.e. if they see the faces of loved ones; this could be comforting.

Understanding psychosis:

Depending on your 'relationship' with psychosis you may feel:

  • anxious
  • scared
  • frustrated
  • angry
  • alone
  • isolated
  • misunderstood
  • depressed

How do I recover from psychosis?

Talking therapies help you to explore and understand your behaviours. You will need ongoing support from:

  • friends
  • family
  • your doctor and psychiatrist, and medication
  • perhaps other supports such as groups within your community

The drugs used to treat psychosis have improved over the last decade. Many of the side effects, which were a problem, are now more avoidable. If you are not able to tolerate a treatment it is important you talk it over with your doctor.

Some medicines, if started early enough, can help you feel better, and get back control over your life.

Diagnosis

"Psychosis" is not diagnosed on its own, though a 'psychotic episode' may be. If you experience ongoing episodes you may be diagnosed with:

  • schizophrenia
  • bipolar disorder
  • puerperal psychosis
  • severe depression
  • schizo affective disorder
  • paranoid disorder/delusional disorder or paranoid personality disorder

What can I do to help myself?

  • understand psychosis is a medical condition
  • agree to stick to your plan of health from your doctor
  • exercise daily to keep a sense of wellbeing
  • be aware of the causes and if you can, avoid them. Such as drugs, alcohol, isolation, and stress
    educate your family and friends about your illness so that they can be of support when you need them

Useful support

Young minds: tel: 020 7407 8887
www.youngminds.org

Mind tel: 0300 123 3393
www.mind.org.uk

Hearingvoices network tel: 0114 271 8210
www.hearning-voices.org

Penumbra tel: 01896 758217 (Galashiels) or tel: 01450 377659 (Hawick)
www.penumbra.org

NHS 24 - tel: 111

South Team tel: 01450 370602

West/East Teams tel: 01896 827270

MHOAT Team tel: 01896 827105

Huntlyburn House tel: 01896 827181

SAMH tel: 01896 664838


 

Editorial Information

Next review date: 31/03/2026

Author(s): Macfarlane S.

Author email(s): sarah.macfarlane@borders.scot.nhs.uk.

Approved By: Clinical Governance & Quality

Reviewer name(s): Macfarlane S.