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What is it?

The bowel is a tube of intestine, which runs from the stomach to the back passage. The lower half of the bowel is called the colon. This runs up to the right ribs and loops across the upper part of the belly. Then it passes down the left side to run backwards into the pelvis towards the back passage. This is called the rectum.

In your case, the problem lies in the left side of the colon or upper rectum. The left side of the colon is taken out, and the ends are joined up whenever possible.

The operation

Open Surgery

  • you will have a general anaesthetic, and will be asleep for the whole operation
  • a cut about 15cm long is made in the skin in the middle lower part of the abdomen
  • the left side of the colon loop and the upper rectum are freed from the inside of the tummy
  • the diseased part is cut out and usually the ends are joined together

Sometimes the ends are joined up at the first operation, but a short term stoma is made as well. This keeps the bowel waste away from the join while it is healing. Usually this is reversed three months after the first operation.

If the problem area is in the lower part of the rectum, the back passage may need to be removed as well. This is rare. You would be warned about this before the operation.

You should plan to be in hospital for a week after the operation.

Keyhole Surgery

  • you will have a general anaesthetic, and will be asleep for the whole operation
  • 3 cuts are made in the skin in the middle lower part of the abdomen
  • the left side of the colon loop and the upper rectum are freed from the inside of the tummy
  • the diseased part is cut out and usually the ends are joined together
  • You should plan to be in hospital for 3-5days

Are there any alternatives?

Simply waiting and seeing is not a good plan. The trouble you are having with your bowel will simply get worse and may lead to very serious problems. Tablets and medicines will not help, neither will X-ray and laser treatment.

Before - at home

  • stop smoking
  • get your weight down if you are overweight
  • if you know that you have problems with your blood pressure, your heart, or your lungs, ask your family doctor to check that these are under control
  • if you take any of the following, check the hospital's advice about taking them
    - the pill
    - hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
    - aspirin
    - warfarin
  • arrange for a relative or friend to
    - come with you to the hospital
    - take you home, and
    - look after you for the first week after the operation
    bring all your tablets and medicines with you to the hospital

You will meet with the stoma nurse, who will see you in a clinic. She will talk to you about your operation and stoma.

We usually recommend that five days before your operation you eat a light diet that is low in fibre. For example fish, chicken, rice and mashed potato. Try to avoid vegetables, fruit, cereals and wholemeal bread. You can drink as much as you like.

The day before we would like you to take clear fluids. This means that you should not eat solid foods and only take drinks you can see through - no milk or fruit juices. Clear soup or squash are fine, as are black tea and coffee. Sweet drinks will help to keep up your strength and calorie intake.

Before - in Pre-Assessment

  • you will be checked for past illnesses.
  • you wil have special tests to make sure that you are well prepared and that you can have the operation as safely as possible.
  • an anaesthetist will come to see you, to discuss the type of anaesthetic you will be given. He or she will ask you about chest problems, dental treatment and any anaesthetics you have had in the past.
  • the anaesthetist will also discuss different types of pain relief with you.

if you are not sure about anything, please ask a doctor or nurse for more details.

After - in hospital

You will have a drip to give you fluids while you are not allowed to drink. This is a plastic tube attached to either your arm or neck. The doctors listen to your bowel through your tummy with a stethoscope. When they can hear sounds from your bowel or you have passed wind they start to give you oral fluids. This can take a few days. This is gradually increased until you are able to drink as much as you want.

Once you are drinking normally the drip will come out and you will be able to eat a light diet.

  • you will have a dressing on your wound and a drainage tube nearby, connected to another plastic bag you may have a stoma
  • if the wound is painful and you will be given painkillers to control this
  • ask for more if the pain is not controlled or is getting worse. By the end of four days you should have little pain
  • you will probably have a fine drainage tube (catheter) going into your bladder to drain the urine. This will be taken out once you are able to get out of bed easily.
  • if you have a stoma, ward nurses will show you how to manage it and the specialist stoma nurse will
    oversee

The wound will have a dressing, which may show some staining with old blood in the first 24 hours. There may be stitches or clips in the skin. Stitches and clips are removed after about 7 to 10 days. The drain tube is removed after about 2-4 days.

You can shower and bath as often as you want.

You will be given an appointment to visit the outpatient department for a check-up about six to eight weeks after you leave hospital.

The nurses will advise about things like sick notes and certificates.

Recovery from keyhole surgery is much quicker than with open surgery but caution should be paid to heavy lifting and driving.

After a general anaesthetic

The anaesthetic drugs will make you sleepy, slow, clumsy and forgetful for about 24 hours. Do not make
important decisions during this time.

After - at home

You are likely to feel very tired and need to rest two or three times a day for a month or more. You will gradually improve so that by the time three months have passed you will be able to return to your usual level of activity.

At first discomfort in the wound will stop you from harming yourself by lifting heavy things. After three months you can lift as much as you used to lift before your operation.

You can drive as soon as you can make an emergency stop without discomfort in the wound. This should be after about six to eight weeks.

You can restart sexual relations within two or three weeks when the wound is comfortable enough. There may be some damamge to the sex nerves after the operation. The surgeon will talk to you about this.

You should be able to return to a light job within eight weeks and any heavy job within twelve weeks.

Recovery after keyhole is much quicker than the open method but caution should be paid when heavy lifting and driving.

Possible complications

As with any operation under general anaesthetic, there is a very small risk of complications related to your heart and lungs.

The tests that you will have before the operation will make sure that you can have the operation in the safest possible way. This brings the risk for such complications very close to zero.

Complications are unusual but are quickly recognised and dealt with by the surgical staff. If you think that all is not well, let the doctors or the nurses know.

You may get a chest infection, particularly if you smoke.

To prevent chest infections it is important to:

  • get out of bed as quickly as possible
  • be as mobile as possible
  • co-operate with the physiotherapists to clear the air passages

The bowel can be slow to start working again.

There can be some discharge from the drain by the wound, but this stops given time.

Wound infection happens more often in any bowel operation compared to other 'clean' operations such as taking out your gallbladder. The reason is that the bowel has many bugs that can cause an infection. This settles down with antibiotics in a week of two.

Very rarely, during the operation, another part of your bowel, your bladder or a blood vessel can be damaged.

Another operation may be needed to deal with this.

You may also have:

  • aches and twinges in the wound for up to six months
  • slow healing of the lower wound
  • numb patches in the skin around the wound, which get better after two to three months

General advice

Some patients are surprised how slowly they get back their normal stamina. Nearly all patients are back to normal within three months.

We hope these notes will help you through your operation. They are a general guide, and do not cover everything.

If you have any questions or problems, please ask the doctors or nurses.

Are there any long term effects of the operation?

To start with your bowel actions are likely to be very loose, unpredictable and quite urgent. It can take several months for this to settle and for you to develop a predictable pattern. Your bowel function is unlikely to be exactly the same as before your operation.

The expectation of what is "normal" for you might need to be adjusted. If loose bowels become a persistent problem, discuss this with your doctor. There are medicines that can help to firm the stool up.

Some people have sexual difficulties after major abdominal surgery. It is normal to feel wary and anxious at first. If difficulties last, please discuss this with your doctor, as help may be available.

Editorial Information

Next review date: 01/10/2026

Author(s): Johnson R.

Approved By: Clinical Governance & Quality

Reviewer name(s): Johnson R.