Monitor, review and pathogen identification

  • 100% maintenance fluids: enteral feeds if tolerated or isotonic IV fluids e.g. 0.9% Sodium Chloride with 5% Glucose
  • Do not restrict fluids unless there is evidence of increased ADH secretion (SIADH) or raised intracranial pressure (RICP)
  • Monitor fluid administration, urine output, electrolytes and blood glucose
  • Consideration of imaging
  • Perform LP when contraindication no longer present
    • LP: CSF – MC&S, glucose, protein, viral PCR (herpes, enterovirus, parechovirus) and bacterial PCR.
    • LP information leaflet available for parents
    • Contraindications to LP:
      • Shock
      • Coma
      • Less than 30 minutes after convulsion
      • Coagulation abnormalities
        • clotting study results (if obtained) outside normal range
        • platelet count below 100 x 109/L
        • on Anticoagulant therapy
        • local superficial infection at LP site
        • respiratory insufficiency
        • other clinical or radiological signs of raised intracranial pressure (RICP): reduced (GCS ≤8) or fluctuating level of consciousness, relative bradycardia and hypertension, focal neurological signs, abnormal posture or posturing, unequal, dilated or poorly responsive pupils, papilloedema (late sign), abnormal ‘doll’s eye’ movements.
  • Liaise with neurosurgical/PID unit if complications

Has a specific pathogen been identified?

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