MSK TMD assessment

Warning

TMD symptoms are common

Around 1 in 3 (33%) of people will have TMD.

Symptoms can severely affect quality of life.

Typical Symptoms

  • Pain and tenderness over muscles of mastication
  • Aggravated by chewing and other jaw activity
  • Limited mouth opening
  • Joint sounds

Causes

Multi-factorial

Commonly associated with:

  • Facial trauma
  • Daytime/night-time oral habits
  • Poor posture
  • Emotional stress

Differential diagnosis

Referred pain

Local inflammation/infection

Neurovascular

Psychiatric

Medically unexplained

Questionnaires

Questionnaires can be useful to help identify contributing factors to the pain and assess progress:

Oral health behaviours checklist

TMD pain screener

Diagnostic criteria of TMD symptom questionnaires 

Jaw function limitation scale (8 item and 20 item) 

Patient health questionnaire (4 item; 9 item; 15 item)

General anxiety disorder questionnaire (GAD-7) 

Using the assessment form from ACPTMD.co.uk will identify relevant subjective and objective findings.

Complete Clinical Reasoning form

Editorial Information

Last reviewed: 30/04/2024

Next review date: 30/04/2025

Reviewer name(s): Louise Ross, Alison Baird , Karen Glass .