Elements of a quality improvement project

There are four elements to a quality improvement project: project aim, driver diagram, change ideas, and measurement. Click on the sections below to find out more about each of them.

Project aim

Setting a project aim

All quality improvement projects should have an aim that is:

  • Specific
  • Time bound
  • Aligned to the organisation’s objectives, and
  • Numeric (STAN).

The aim for the hospital improvement programme:

By April 2023, the hospital care of 95% of people in the ward will be informed by a personalised care plan which reflects their strengths, needs, wishes and choices. The person-centred approach will support the prevention and management of stress and distress.

Driver diagram

A driver diagram visually presents an organisation or team’s theory of how an improvement goal will be achieved. It articulates which parts of the system need to change, in which way and includes ideas of how to make this happen. It is used to help plan improvement projects and ensure team engagement.

The primary drivers are the key components of the system that need to change to deliver the aim. The secondary drivers are the processes that influence the primary drivers. Changing the processes outlined in the secondary drivers should change the primary drivers and deliver the aim.

Change ideas

Change ideas are specific practical changes the project team can make to change the processes in the secondary drivers.

The following pages provide a range of change ideas for person-centred care planning. They are grouped by the primary driver that they influence. Project teams should select change ideas to test and implement. A range of change ideas will be needed to ensure there are changes to all primary drivers.

This change package does not contain an exhaustive list of change ideas. Project teams can also generate their own change ideas that will help drive change in the secondary drivers. One way of generating ideas is to use the question “How might we?” For example, “How might we engage relatives and carers more meaningfully?”

Measurement

Measurement is an essential part of improvement as it helps the project team understand if the changes they are making are leading to improved care. Below you will see an outline of three types of measures used in improvement and a link to the measurement framework.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures are used to understand if the changes are resulting in improvements towards the aim.

Process measures

Process measures demonstrate that change ideas are improving the underlying processes that contribute towards the outcome.

Balancing measures

Balancing measures are used to determine if the changes are affecting things elsewhere in the system (unintended consequences).

The following measures are for teams to use for person-centred care planning improvements. You may identify other concepts and changes that require measurement to further understand your progress towards improved care. Our team’s contact details are available at the end of this document should you wish to discuss measurement for improvement.