Management of tumour induced hypercalcaemia in oncology and haematology, Edinburgh Cancer Centre

Warning

1.0 Background

1.1 Patients with cancer most at risk of hypercalcaemia are those with known bone metastases or myeloma. 20% do not have bone metastases.

1.2 Patients presenting with symptoms and/or signs suggestive of hypercalcaemia should have serum calcium and albumin checked. Symptoms include polydipsia, polyuria, confusion, constipation, anorexia.

1.3 The decision to treat is based on the corrected serum calcium level:

Corrected serum calcium = actual serum calcium+{(40- serum albumin g/L) x 0.02}

2.0 Management of hypercalcaemia

2.1 Step 1

Adequate hydration to correct dehydration.

3L over 24 hours 0.9% NaCl based on patient’s cardiac status.

2.2 Step 2

If glomerular filtration rate (GFR) > 30ml/min and still hypercalcaemic after adequate hydration, give IV zoledronate 4mg over 15 minutes in 100ml 0.9% sodium chloride (no dose adjustment if GFR > 30)

2.3 Step 3

If GFR < 30ml/min after hydration, discuss with consultant and give pamidronate if benefit outweighs risk (see note 3.4 below)

3.0 Notes

3.1 Review medication affecting renal function (e.g. NSAIDs, diuretics, ACE-inhibitors) and consider stopping or withholding.

3.2 Check U+E in 3-4 days (note that it can take up to 7 days for the full effects of bisphosphonate therapy to manifest). If corrected serum calcium has not returned to reference range, discuss future management with the consultant.

3.3 If consultant recommends rescue therapy, administer zoledronate 8mg over 60 minutes.

3.4 When using pamidronate in renal impairment:

3.4.1 Adjust dose according to the level of the corrected calcium as follows:

Calcium <3.0: 30mg

Calcium 3-3.5: 60mg

Calcium >3.5: 90mg

3.4.2 If GFR <30ml/min then administer pamidronate at a rate of 20mg/hour (in at least 500ml 0.9% sodium chloride. Volume will depend on renal function)

3.5 Please also refer to ‘Bisphosphonates in Myeloma’ on the haematology intranet site for further information on the use of bisphosphonates in myeloma.

3.6 Certain patients may require long-term bisphosphonate therapy to prevent recurrence of hypercalcaemia – discuss with consultant if this is unclear.

Editorial Information

Last reviewed: 23/07/2021

Next review date: 23/07/2024

Author(s): Written by SM, AB, PHR on behalf of CTAC.

Version: 04.0

Approved By: CTAC and Haematology Management Team

Reviewer name(s): Stewart J.