Patient history and differential diagnosis

The following articles contain general information relating to the pathologies of Haglund's Deformity and Retrocalcaneal Bursitis.

Pękala, P.A., Henry, B.M., Pękala, J.R., Piska, K. and Tomaszewski, K.A., 2017. The Achilles tendon and the retrocalcaneal bursa: An anatomical and radiological study. Bone & joint research, 6(7), pp.446-451.

Lohrer, H. and Nauck, T., 2014. Retrocalcaneal bursitis but not Achilles tendinopathy is characterized by increased pressure in the retrocalcaneal bursa. Clinical Biomechanics, 29(3), pp.283-288.

Bulstra, G.H., van Rheenen, T.A. and Scholtes, V.A., 2015. Can we measure the heel bump? Radiographic evaluation of haglund's deformity. The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery, 54(3), pp.338-340.

Kang, S., Thordarson, D.B. and Charlton, T.P., 2012. Insertional Achilles tendinitis and Haglund's deformity. Foot & ankle international, 33(6), pp.487-491.

Sofka, C.M., Adler, R.S., Positano, R., Pavlov, H. and Luchs, J.S., 2006. Haglund's syndrome: diagnosis and treatment using sonography. HSS journal, 2(1), pp.27-29.

Thomas, J.L., Christensen, J.C., Kravitz, S.R., Mendicino, R.W., Schuberth, J.M., Vanore, J.V., Weil, L.S., Zlotoff, H.J., Bouché, R. and Baker, J., 2010. The diagnosis and treatment of heel pain: a clinical practice guideline–revision 2010. The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery, 49(3), pp.S1-S19.

The following articles contain general information relating to the pathology of Achilles tendinopathy.

Chimenti, R.L., Cychosz, C.C., Hall, M.M. and Phisitkul, P., 2017. Current Concepts Review Update: Insertional Achilles Tendinopathy. Foot & ankle international, 38(10), pp.1160-1169.

Singh, A., Calafi, A., Diefenbach, C., Kreulen, C. and Giza, E., 2017. Noninsertional Tendinopathy of the Achilles. Foot and ankle clinics.

Magnan, B., Bondi, M., Pierantoni, S. and Samaila, E., 2014. The pathogenesis of Achilles tendinopathy: a systematic review. Foot and Ankle Surgery, 20(3), pp.154-159.

The following articles contain general information relating to the pathology of Achilles tendon rupture.

Kauwe, M., 2017. Acute Achilles Tendon Rupture: Clinical Evaluation, Conservative Management, and Early Active Rehabilitation. Clinics in podiatric medicine and surgery, 34(2), pp.229-243.

Yasui, Y., Tonogai, I., Rosenbaum, A.J., Shimozono, Y., Kawano, H. and Kennedy, J.G., 2017. The risk of Achilles tendon rupture in the patients with Achilles tendinopathy: healthcare database analysis in the United States. BioMed research international, 2017.

Maffulli, N., Via, A.G. and Oliva, F., 2015. Chronic Achilles tendon disorders: tendinopathy and chronic rupture. Clinics in sports medicine, 34(4), pp.607-624