Evidence for orthotic treatment of the plantar heel

Meta-Analyses

Babatunde, O.O., Legha, A., Littlewood, C., Chesterton, L.S., Thomas, M.J., Menz, H.B., van der Windt, D. and Roddy, E., 2019. Comparative effectiveness of treatment options for plantar heel pain: a systematic review with network meta-analysis.
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Interventional Studies

van der Zwaard, B.C., Poppe, E., Vanwanseele, B., van der Horst, H.E. and Elders, P.J., 2014. Development and evaluation of a leaflet containing shoe advice: a randomized controlled trial. Family practice, 31(3), pp.267-272.
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Vicenzino, B., McPoil, T.G., Stephenson, A. and Paul, S.K., 2015. Orthosis-shaped sandals are as efficacious as in-shoe orthoses and better than flat sandals for plantar heel pain: a randomized control trial. PloS one, 10(12), p.e0142789.
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Observational Studies

Fong, D.T.P., Pang, K.Y., Chung, M.M.L., Hung, A.S.L. and Chan, K.M., 2012. Evaluation of combined prescription of rocker sole shoes and custom-made foot orthoses for the treatment of plantar fasciitis. Clinical Biomechanics, 27(10), pp.1072-1077.
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Koo, S.W., Yoon, Y.S., Yoon, M.K., Choi, S.G., Kim, D.W. and Jang, H.Y., 2024. Effectiveness of Shoe Rotation in Managing Plantar Fasciitis in Patients. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 13(16), p.4624.
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Mündermann, A., Nigg, B.M., Stefanyshyn, D.J. and Humble, R.N., 2002. Development of a reliable method to assess footwear comfort during running. Gait & posture, 16(1), pp.38-45.
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Ortega-Avila, A.B., Cuesta-Vargas, A.I., Jiménez-Cebrián, A.M., Labajos-Manzanares, M.T., Barón-López, F.J. and Bennet, P., 2016. Contribution levels of intrinsic risk factors to the management of patients with plantar heel pain: A pilot study. Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association, 106(2), pp.88-92.
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Wibowo, D.B., Harahap, R., Widodo, A., Haryadi, G.D. and Ariyanto, M., 2017. The effectiveness of raising the heel height of shoes to reduce heel pain in patients with calcaneal spurs. Journal of physical therapy science, 29(12), pp.2068-2074.
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Meta-Analyses

Babatunde, O.O., Legha, A., Littlewood, C., Chesterton, L.S., Thomas, M.J., Menz, H.B., van der Windt, D. and Roddy, E., 2019. Comparative effectiveness of treatment options for plantar heel pain: a systematic review with network meta-analysis.
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Whittaker, G.A., Munteanu, S.E., Menz, H.B., Tan, J.M., Rabusin, C.L. and Landorf, K.B., 2018. Foot orthoses for plantar heel pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med, 52(5), pp.322-328.
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Systematic Reviews

Hawke, F., Burns, J., Radford, J.A. and Du Toit, V., 2008. Custom-made foot orthoses for the treatment of foot pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 3, p.CD006801.
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Healy, A., Farmer, S., Pandyan, A. and Chockalingam, N., 2018. A systematic review of randomised controlled trials assessing effectiveness of prosthetic and orthotic interventions. PloS one, 13(3), p.e0192094.
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Uden, H., Boesch, E. and Kumar, S., 2011. Plantar fasciitis–to jab or to support? A systematic review of the current best evidence. Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare, 4, p.155.
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Interventional Studies

Al-Bluwi, M.T., Sadat-Ali, M., Al-Habdan, I.M. and Azam, M.Q., 2011. Efficacy of EZStep in the management of plantar fasciitis: a prospective, randomized study. Foot & ankle specialist, 4(4), pp.218-221.
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Baldassin, V., Gomes, C.R. and Beraldo, P.S., 2009. Effectiveness of prefabricated and customized foot orthoses made from low-cost foam for noncomplicated plantar fasciitis: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 90(4), pp.701-706.
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Bishop, C., Thewlis, D. and Hillier, S., 2018. Custom foot orthoses improve first-step pain in individuals with unilateral plantar fasciopathy: a pragmatic randomised controlled trial. BMC musculoskeletal disorders, 19(1), p.222.
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Cockayne, S., Rodgers, S., Green, L., Fairhurst, C., Adamson, J., Scantlebury, A., Corbacho, B., Hewitt, C.E., Hicks, K., Hull, R. and Keenan, A.M., 2017. Clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a multifaceted podiatry intervention for falls prevention in older people: a multicentre cohort randomised controlled trial (the REducing Falls with ORthoses and a Multifaceted podiatry intervention trial). Health technology assessment, pp.1-198.
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Coheña-Jiménez, M., Pabón-Carrasco, M. and Pérez Belloso, A.J., 2021. Comparison between customised foot orthoses and insole combined with the use of extracorporeal shock wave therapy in plantar fasciitis, medium-term follow-up results: A randomised controlled trial. Clinical Rehabilitation, 35(5), pp.740-749.
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Fagundes, M.G., Mendes, A.A.M.T., Bezerra, V.F., Freitas, W.R.M.S.D., Scattone Silva, R., Pontes-Silva, A., Barbosa, G.D.M. and Cardoso de Souza, M., 2024. Effects of insoles adapted in flip-flop sandals in patients with persistent plantar heel pain: A sham-controlled randomised trial. Clinical Rehabilitation, p.02692155241267991.
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Grim, C., Kramer, R., Engelhardt, M., John, S.M., Hotfiel, T. and Hoppe, M.W., 2019. Effectiveness of Manual Therapy, Customised Foot Orthoses and Combined Therapy in the Management of Plantar Fasciitis-a RCT. Sports (Basel, Switzerland), 7(6).
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Heide, M., Røe, C., Mørk, M., Myhre, K., Brunborg, C., Brox, J.I. and Hoksrud, A.F., 2024. Is radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy (rESWT), sham-rESWT or a standardised exercise programme in combination with advice plus customised foot orthoses more effective than advice plus customised foot orthoses alone in the treatment of plantar fasciopathy? A double-blind, randomised, sham-controlled trial. British Journal of Sports Medicine.
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Johannsen, F., Konradsen, L., Herzog, R. and Krogsgaard, M.R., 2020. Endoscopic fasciotomy for plantar fasciitis provides superior results when compared to a controlled non-operative treatment protocol: a randomized controlled trial. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy, pp.1-8.
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Kavlak, Y. and Uygur, F., 2011. Effects of nerve mobilization exercise as an adjunct to the conservative treatment for patients with tarsal tunnel syndrome. Journal of manipulative and physiological therapeutics, 34(7), pp.441-448.
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Landorf, K.B., Keenan, A.M. and Herbert, R.D., 2006. Effectiveness of foot orthoses to treat plantar fasciitis: a randomized trial. Archives of internal medicine, 166(12), pp.1305-1310.
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Oliveira, H.A.V., Jones, A., Moreira, E., Jennings, F. and Natour, J., 2015. Effectiveness of total contact insoles in patients with plantar fasciitis. The Journal of rheumatology, pp.jrheum-140429.
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Rasenberg, N., Bierma-Zeinstra, S.M., Fuit, L., Rathleff, M.S., Dieker, A., van Veldhoven, P., Bindels, P.J. and van Middelkoop, M., 2020. Custom insoles versus sham and GP-led usual care in patients with plantar heel pain: results of the STAP-study-a randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Sports Medicine.
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Roos, E., Engström, M. and Söderberg, B., 2006. Foot orthoses for the treatment of plantar fasciitis. Foot & ankle international, 27(8), pp.606-611.
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Vicenzino, B., McPoil, T.G., Stephenson, A. and Paul, S.K., 2015. Orthosis-shaped sandals are as efficacious as in-shoe orthoses and better than flat sandals for plantar heel pain: a randomized control trial. PloS one, 10(12), p.e0142789.
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Whittaker, G.A., Munteanu, S.E., Menz, H.B., Gerrard, J.M., Elzarka, A. and Landorf, K.B., 2019. Effectiveness of Foot Orthoses Versus Corticosteroid Injection for Plantar Heel Pain: The SOOTHE Randomized Clinical Trial. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, (0), pp.1-34.
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Wrobel, J.S., Fleischer, A.E., Crews, R.T., Jarrett, B. and Najafi, B., 2015. A randomized controlled trial of custom foot orthoses for the treatment of plantar heel pain. Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association, 105(4), pp.281-294.
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Xu, R., Wang, Z., Ma, T., Ren, Z. and Jin, H., 2019. Effect of 3D Printing Individualized Ankle-Foot Orthosis on Plantar Biomechanics and Pain in Patients with Plantar Fasciitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Medical science monitor: international medical journal of experimental and clinical research, 25, p.1392.
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Yildiz, S., Sumer, E., Zengin, H.Y. and Bek, N., 2022. Intensive physiotherapy versus home-based exercise and custom-made orthotic insoles in patients with plantar fasciitis: Pilot study. The Foot, 51, p.101906.
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Yucel, U., Kucuksen, S., Cingoz, H.T., Anlıacik, E., Ozbek, O., Salli, A. and Ugurlu, H., 2013. Full-length silicone insoles versus ultrasound-guided corticosteroid injection in the management of plantar fasciitis: a randomized clinical trial. Prosthetics and orthotics international, 37(6), pp.471-476.
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Observational Studies

Barr, L., Munro, N., Watters, K., McCaig, R., Richards, J. and Chapman, G.J., 2024. The effectiveness of custom hard-shell 3D-printed foot orthoses in a cohort of patients who did not respond to treatment with custom ethylene-vinyl-acetate (EVA) foot orthoses. The Foot, 61, p.102142.
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Bonanno, D.R., Landorf, K.B. and Menz, H.B., 2011. Pressure-relieving properties of various shoe inserts in older people with plantar heel pain. Gait & posture, 33(3), pp.385-389.
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Chia, J.K., Suresh, S., Kuah, A., Ong, J.L., Phua, J.M. and Seah, A.L., 2009. Comparative trial of the foot pressure patterns between corrective orthotics, formthotics, bone spur pads and flat insoles in patients with chronic plantar fasciitis. Annals Academy of Medicine Singapore, 38(10), p.869.
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Drake, M., Bittenbender, C. and Boyles, R.E., 2011. The short-term effects of treating plantar fasciitis with a temporary custom foot orthosis and stretching. journal of orthopaedic & sports physical therapy, 41(4), pp.221-231.
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Ferber, R. and Hettinga, B.A., 2016. A comparison of different over-the-counter foot orthotic devices on multi-segment foot biomechanics. Prosthetics and orthotics international, 40(6), pp.675-681.
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Fong, D.T.P., Pang, K.Y., Chung, M.M.L., Hung, A.S.L. and Chan, K.M., 2012. Evaluation of combined prescription of rocker sole shoes and custom-made foot orthoses for the treatment of plantar fasciitis. Clinical Biomechanics, 27(10), pp.1072-1077.
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Gatt, A., Grech, M., Chockalingam, N. and Formosa, C., 2018. A Preliminary Study on the Effect of Computer-Aided Designed and Manufactured Orthoses on Chronic Plantar Heel Pain. Foot & ankle specialist, 11(2), pp.112-116.
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Koo, S.W., Yoon, Y.S., Yoon, M.K., Choi, S.G., Kim, D.W. and Jang, H.Y., 2024. Effectiveness of Shoe Rotation in Managing Plantar Fasciitis in Patients. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 13(16), p.4624.
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McClinton, S., Collazo, C., Vincent, E. and Vardaxis, V., 2016. Impaired Foot Plantar Flexor Muscle Performance in Individuals With Plantar Heel Pain and Association With Foot Orthosis Use. journal of orthopaedic & sports physical therapy, 46(8), pp.681-688.
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Mündermann, A., Nigg, B.M., Stefanyshyn, D.J. and Humble, R.N., 2002. Development of a reliable method to assess footwear comfort during running. Gait & posture, 16(1), pp.38-45.
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Ring, K. and Otter, S., 2014. Clinical Efficacy and Cost‐Effectiveness of Bespoke and Prefabricated Foot Orthoses for Plantar Heel Pain: A Prospective Cohort Study. Musculoskeletal care, 12(1), pp.1-10.
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Van Lunen, B., Cortes, N., Andrus, T., Walker, M., Pasquale, M. and Onate, J., 2011. Immediate effects of a heel-pain orthosis and an augmented low-dye taping on plantar pressures and pain in subjects with plantar fasciitis. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 21(6), pp.474-479.
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Walther, M., Kratschmer, B., Verschl, J., Volkering, C., Altenberger, S., Kriegelstein, S. and Hilgers, M., 2013. Effect of different orthotic concepts as first line treatment of plantar fasciitis. Foot and Ankle Surgery, 19(2), pp.103-107.
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Wu, F.L., Shih, Y.F., Lee, S.H., Luo, H.J. and Wang, W.T., 2019. Can short-term effectiveness of anti-pronation taping predict the long-term outcomes of customized foot orthoses: developing predictors to identify characteristics of patients with plantar heel pain likely to benefit from customized foot orthoses. BMC musculoskeletal disorders, 20(1), p.264.
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Case Series / Case Studies

Hudes, K., 2010. Conservative management of a case of tarsal tunnel syndrome. The Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association, 54(2), p.100.
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Narrative Literature Reviews

Mitchell, D.I. and Scherer, P. R. 2013. Can Orthotics Have An Impact On Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome? Podiatry Today, 26(12)
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Meta-Analyses

Babatunde, O.O., Legha, A., Littlewood, C., Chesterton, L.S., Thomas, M.J., Menz, H.B., van der Windt, D. and Roddy, E., 2019. Comparative effectiveness of treatment options for plantar heel pain: a systematic review with network meta-analysis.
Click here for Article

Systematic Reviews

Healy, A., Farmer, S., Pandyan, A. and Chockalingam, N., 2018. A systematic review of randomised controlled trials assessing effectiveness of prosthetic and orthotic interventions. PloS one, 13(3), p.e0192094.
Click here for Article

Interventional Studies

Roos, E., Engström, M. and Söderberg, B., 2006. Foot orthoses for the treatment of plantar fasciitis. Foot & ankle international, 27(8), pp.606-611.
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Sharma, N.K. and Loudon, J.K., 2010. Static progressive stretch brace as a treatment of pain and functional limitations associated with plantar fasciitis: a pilot study. Foot & ankle specialist, 3(3), pp.117-124.
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Sheridan, L., Lopez, A., Perez, A., John, M.M., Willis, F.B. and Shanmugam, R., 2010. Plantar fasciopathy treated with dynamic splinting: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association, 100(3), pp.161-165.
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Wheeler, P.C., 2017. The addition of a tension night splint to a structured home rehabilitation programme in patients with chronic plantar fasciitis does not lead to significant additional benefits in either pain, function or flexibility: a single-blinded randomised controlled trial. BMJ open sport & exercise medicine, 3(1), p.e000234.
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Observational Studies

Attard, J. and Singh, D., 2012. A comparison of two night ankle-foot orthoses used in the treatment of inferior heel pain: a preliminary investigation. Foot and Ankle Surgery, 18(2), pp.108-110.
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Lee, W., Wong, W.Y., Kung, E. and Leung, A., 2012. Effectiveness of adjustable dorsiflexion night splint in combination with accommodative foot orthosis on plantar fasciitis.
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Martin, J.E., Hosch, J.C., Goforth, W.P., Murff, R.T., Lynch, D.M. and Odom, R.D., 2001. Mechanical treatment of plantar fasciitis: a prospective study. Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association, 91(2), pp.55-62.
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