Evidence for orthotic treatment of the midfoot

Randomised Controlled Trials

van der Zwaard, B.C., Poppe, E., Vanwanseele, B., van der Horst, H.E. and Elders, P.J., 2014. Development and evaluation of a leaflet containing shoe advice: a randomized controlled trial. Family practice, 31(3), pp.267-272.
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Cohort Studies

Kulig, K., Burnfield, J.M., Reischl, S., Requejo, S.M., Blanco, C.E. and Thordarson, D.B., 2005. Effect of foot orthoses on tibialis posterior activation in persons with pes planus. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 37(1), pp.24-29.
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Laboratory Studies

Mündermann, A., Nigg, B.M., Stefanyshyn, D.J. and Humble, R.N., 2002. Development of a reliable method to assess footwear comfort during running. Gait & posture, 16(1), pp.38-45.
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Cohort Studies

Dineen, H.A., Murphy, T.D., Mangat, S., Lukosius, E.Z., Lin, F.C., Pettett, B.J., Peoples, S.J. and Hurwitz, S.R., 2017. Functional Outcomes for Nonoperatively Treated Proximal Fifth Metatarsal Fractures. Orthopedics, 40(6), pp.e1030-e1035.
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Nielsen, M.D., Dodson, E.E., Shadrick, D.L., Catanzariti, A.R., Mendicino, R.W. and Malay, D.S., 2011. Nonoperative care for the treatment of adult-acquired flatfoot deformity. The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery, 50(3), pp.311-314.
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Taspinar, O., Kabayel, D.D., Ozdemir, F., Tuna, H., Keskin, Y., Mercimek, O.B., Süt, N., Yavuz, S. and Tuna, F., 2017. Comparing the efficacy of exercise, internal and external shoe modification in pes planus: A clinical and pedobarographic study. Journal of back and musculoskeletal rehabilitation, 30(2), pp.255-263.
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Meta-analyses

Desmyttere, G., Hajizadeh, M., Bleau, J. and Begon, M., 2018. Effect of foot orthosis design on lower limb joint kinematics and kinetics during walking in flexible pes planovalgus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Biomechanics.
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Systematic Reviews

Banwell, H.A., Mackintosh, S. and Thewlis, D., 2014. Foot orthoses for adults with flexible pes planus: a systematic review. Journal of foot and ankle research, 7(1), p.23.
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Hawke, F. and Burns, J., 2012. Brief report: custom foot orthoses for foot pain: what does the evidence say?. Foot & ankle international, 33(12), pp.1161-1163.
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Randomised Controlled Trials

Burns, J., Crosbie, J., Ouvrier, R. and Hunt, A., 2006. Effective orthotic therapy for the painful cavus foot: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association, 96(3), pp.205-211.
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Chapman, G.J., Halstead, J. and Redmond, A.C., 2016. Comparability of off the shelf foot orthoses in the redistribution of forces in midfoot osteoarthritis patients. Gait & posture, 49, pp.235-240.
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Halstead, J., Chapman, G.J., Gray, J.C., Grainger, A.J., Brown, S., Wilkins, R.A., Roddy, E., Helliwell, P.S., Keenan, A.M. and Redmond, A.C., 2016. Foot orthoses in the treatment of symptomatic midfoot osteoarthritis using clinical and biomechanical outcomes: a randomised feasibility study. Clinical rheumatology, 35(4), pp.987-996.
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Najafi, B., Barnica, E., Wrobel, J.S. and Burns, J., 2012. Dynamic plantar loading index: understanding the benefit of custom foot orthoses for painful pes cavus. Journal of biomechanics, 45(9), pp.1705-1711.
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Shih, Y.F., Wen, Y.K. and Chen, W.Y., 2011. Application of wedged foot orthosis effectively reduces pain in runners with pronated foot: a randomized clinical study. Clinical rehabilitation, 25(10), pp.913-923.
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Cohort Studies

Alvarez, R.G., Marini, A., Schmitt, C. and Saltzman, C.L., 2006. Stage I and II posterior tibial tendon dysfunction treated by a structured nonoperative management protocol: an orthosis and exercise program
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Ibuki, A., Cornoiu, A., Clarke, A., Unglik, R. and Beischer, A., 2010. The effect of orthotic treatment on midfoot osteoarthritis assessed using specifically designed patient evaluation questionnaires. Prosthetics and orthotics international, 34(4), pp.461-471.
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Kulig, K., Burnfield, J.M., Reischl, S., Requejo, S.M., Blanco, C.E. and Thordarson, D.B., 2005. Effect of foot orthoses on tibialis posterior activation in persons with pes planus. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 37(1), pp.24-29.
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LoPiccolo, M., Chilvers, M. and Graham, B., 2010. Effectiveness of the cavus foot orthosis. Journal of surgical orthopaedic advances, 19(3), pp.166-169.
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Taspinar, O., Kabayel, D.D., Ozdemir, F., Tuna, H., Keskin, Y., Mercimek, O.B., Süt, N., Yavuz, S. and Tuna, F., 2017. Comparing the efficacy of exercise, internal and external shoe modification in pes planus: A clinical and pedobarographic study. Journal of back and musculoskeletal rehabilitation, 30(2), pp.255-263.
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Yi, T., Kim, J.H., Oh-Park, M. and Hwang, J.H., 2018. Effect of Full-Length Carbon Fiber Insoles on Lower Limb Kinetics in Patients With Midfoot Osteoarthritis: A Pilot Study. American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation, 97(3), pp.192-199.
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Case Series

Rao, S., Baumhauer, J.F., Becica, L. and Nawoczenski, D.A., 2009. Shoe inserts alter plantar loading and function in patients with midfoot arthritis. journal of orthopaedic & sports physical therapy, 39(7), pp.522-531.
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Tryfonidis, M., Jackson, W., Mansour, R., Cooke, P.H., Teh, J., Ostlere, S. and Sharp, R.J., 2008. Acquired adult flat foot due to isolated plantar calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament insufficiency with a normal tibialis posterior tendon. Foot and ankle surgery, 14(2), pp.89-95.
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Conceptual Studies

Akuzawa, H., Imai, A., Iizuka, S., Matsunaga, N. and Kaneoka, K., 2016. Calf muscle activity alteration with foot orthoses insertion during walking measured by fine-wire electromyography. Journal of physical therapy science, 28(12), pp.3458-3462.
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Murley, G.S., Landorf, K.B. and Menz, H.B., 2010. Do foot orthoses change lower limb muscle activity in flat-arched feet towards a pattern observed in normal-arched feet?. Clinical Biomechanics, 25(7), pp.728-736.
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Zifchock, R.A. and Davis, I., 2008. A comparison of semi-custom and custom foot orthotic devices in high-and low-arched individuals during walking. Clinical biomechanics, 23(10), pp.1287-1293.
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Laboratory Studies

Mündermann, A., Nigg, B.M., Stefanyshyn, D.J. and Humble, R.N., 2002. Development of a reliable method to assess footwear comfort during running. Gait & posture, 16(1), pp.38-45.
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Clinical Audit

Banwell, H.A., Thewlis, D. and Mackintosh, S., 2015. Adults with flexible pes planus and the approach to the prescription of customised foot orthoses in clinical practice: a clinical records audit. The Foot, 25(2), pp.101-109.
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Randomised Controlled Trials

Houck, J., Neville, C., Tome, J. and Flemister, A., 2015. Randomized controlled trial comparing orthosis augmented by either stretching or stretching and strengthening for stage II tibialis posterior tendon dysfunction. Foot & ankle international, 36(9), pp.1006-1016.
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Cohort Studies

Lin, J.L., Balbas, J. and Richardson, E.G., 2008. Results of non-surgical treatment of stage II posterior tibial tendon dysfunction: a 7-to 10-year followup. Foot & ankle international, 29(8), pp.781-786.
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Nielsen, M.D., Dodson, E.E., Shadrick, D.L., Catanzariti, A.R., Mendicino, R.W. and Malay, D.S., 2011. Nonoperative care for the treatment of adult-acquired flatfoot deformity. The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery, 50(3), pp.311-314.
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Case Series

Krause, F., Bosshard, A., Lehmann, O. and Weber, M., 2008. Shell brace for stage II posterior tibial tendon insufficiency. Foot & ankle international, 29(11), pp.1095-1100.
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Randomised Controlled Trials

Kulig, K., Reischl, S.F., Pomrantz, A.B., Burnfield, J.M., Mais-Requejo, S., Thordarson, D.B. and Smith, R.W., 2009. Nonsurgical management of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction with orthoses and resistive exercise: a randomized controlled trial. Physical Therapy, 89(1), pp.26-37.
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Cohort Studies

Neville, C. and Lemley, F.R., 2012. Effect of ankle-foot orthotic devices on foot kinematics in Stage II posterior tibial tendon dysfunction. Foot & ankle international, 33(5), pp.406-414.
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Neville, C., Bucklin, M., Ordway, N. and Lemley, F., 2016. An ankle-foot orthosis with a lateral extension reduces forefoot abduction in subjects with stage II posterior Tibial tendon dysfunction. journal of orthopaedic & sports physical therapy, 46(1), pp.26-33.
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Neville, C., Flemister, A.S. and Houck, J., 2009. Effects of the AirLift PTTD brace on foot kinematics in subjects with stage II posterior tibial tendon dysfunction. journal of orthopaedic & sports physical therapy, 39(3), pp.201-209.
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Case Studies

Kryzak, T.J. and DeGroot, H., 2008. Adult onset flatfoot associated with an intramuscular hemangioma of the posterior tibialis muscle. Orthopedics, 31(3).
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Neville, C. and Houck, J., 2009. Choosing among 3 ankle-foot orthoses for a patient with stage II posterior tibial tendon dysfunction. journal of orthopaedic & sports physical therapy, 39(11), pp.816-824.
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