Patient history and differential diagnosis

The following articles contain general information relating to the pathology of ligamentous deficit associated with lateral ankle injury / instability.

Shakked, R.J. and Sheskier, S., 2017. Acute and Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability: Diagnosis, Management, and New Concepts. Bulletin of the NYU Hospital for Joint Diseases, 75(1), p.71.
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Hertel, J., 2000. Functional instability following lateral ankle sprain. Sports Medicine, 29(5), pp.361-371.
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Hertel, J., 2002. Functional anatomy, pathomechanics, and pathophysiology of lateral ankle instability. Journal of athletic training, 37(4), p.364.
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Kristianslund, E., Bahr, R. and Krosshaug, T., 2011. Kinematics and kinetics of an accidental lateral ankle sprain. Journal of biomechanics, 44(14), pp.2576-2578.
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The following articles contain general information relating to the pathology of osteochondral defects affecting the ankle.

Reilingh, M.L., Zengerink, M. and van Bergen, C.L., 2010. The natural history of osteochondral lesions in the ankle. Instr Course Lect, 59, pp.375-386.
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van Bergen, C.J., Gerards, R.M., Opdam, K.T., Terra, M.P. and Kerkhoffs, G.M., 2015. Diagnosing, planning and evaluating osteochondral ankle defects with imaging modalities. World journal of orthopedics, 6(11), pp.944-953.
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Van Dijk, C.N., Reilingh, M.L., Zengerink, M. and Van Bergen, C.J., 2010. Osteochondral defects in the ankle: why painful?. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy, 18(5), pp.570-580.
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The following articles contain general information relating to the pathology of syndesmotic injury affecting the ankle.

Clanton, T.O., Ho, C.P., Williams, B.T., Surowiec, R.K., Gatlin, C.C., Haytmanek, C.T. and LaPrade, R.F., 2016. Magnetic resonance imaging characterization of individual ankle syndesmosis structures in asymptomatic and surgically treated cohorts. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy, 24(7), pp.2089-2102.
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Williams, B.T., Ahrberg, A.B., Goldsmith, M.T., Campbell, K.J., Shirley, L., Wijdicks, C.A., LaPrade, R.F. and Clanton, T.O., 2015. Ankle Syndesmosis A Qualitative and Quantitative Anatomic Analysis. The American journal of sports medicine, 43(1), pp.88-97.
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The following articles contain general information relating to the pathology of peroneal dysfunction.

Kumar, Y., Alian, A., Ahlawat, S., Wukich, D.K. and Chhabra, A., 2017. Peroneal tendon pathology: Pre-and post-operative high resolution US and MR imaging. European journal of radiology, 92, pp.132-144.
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Heckman, D.S., Gluck, G.S. and Parekh, S.G., 2009. Tendon Disorders of the Foot and Ankle, Part 1 Peroneal Tendon Disorders. The American journal of sports medicine, 37(3), pp.614-625.
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Hertel, J., 2000. Functional instability following lateral ankle sprain. Sports Medicine, 29(5), pp.361-371.
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Selmani, E., Gjata, V. and Gjika, E., 2006. Current concepts review: peroneal tendon disorders. Foot & ankle international, 27(3), pp.221-228.
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