Skip to main content
  1. Right Decisions
  2. Scottish Palliative Care Guidelines
  3. Palliative emergencies
  4. Back
  5. Hypercalcaemia
  6. Practice points
Announcements and latest updates

Welcome to the Right Decision Service (RDS) newsletter for August 2024.

  1. Contingency planning for RDS outages

Following the recent RDS outages, Tactuum and the RDS team have been reviewing the learning from these incidents. We are committed to doing all we can to ensure a positive outcome by strengthening the RDS to make it fully robust and clinically resilient for the future.

We would like to invite you to a webinar on 26th September 3-4 pm on national and local contingency planning for future RDS outages.  Tactuum and the RDS team will speak about our business continuity plans and the national contingency arrangements we are putting in place. This will also be a space to share local contingency plans, ideas and existing good practice. We would also like to gather your views on who we should send communications to in the event of future outages.

I have sent a meeting request for this date to all editors – please accept or decline to indicate attendance, and please forward on to relevant contacts. You can also contact Olivia.graham@nhs.scot directly to register your interest in participating.

 

2.National  IV fluid prescribing  calculator

This UK CA marked calculator is now live at https://righdecisions.scot.nhs.uk/ivfluids  . It has been developed by a multiprofessional steering group of leads in IV fluids management, as part of the wider Modernising Patient Pathways Programme within the Centre for Sustainable Delivery.  It aims to address a known cause of clinical error in hospital settings, and we hope it will be especially useful to the new junior doctors who started in August.

Please do spread the word about this new calculator and get in touch with any questions.

 

  1. New toolkits

The following toolkits are now live;

  1. Updated guidance on current and future Medical Device Regulations

We have updated and simplified this guidance within our standard operating procedures. We have clarified the guidance on how to determine whether an RDS tool is a medical device, and have provided an interactive powerpoint slideset to steer you through the process.

 

  1. Guide to six stages of RDS toolkit development

We have developed a guide to support editors and toolkit leads through the process of scoping, designing, delivering, quality assuring and implementing a new RDS toolkit.  We hope this will help in project planning and in building shared understanding of responsibilities throughout the full development process.  The guide emphasises that the project does not end with launch of the new toolkit. Implementation, communication and evaluation are ongoing activities throughout the lifetime of the toolkit.

 

  1. Training sessions for new editors (also serve as refresher sessions for existing editors) will take place on the following dates:
  • Thursday 5 September 1-2 pm
  • Wednesday 24 September 4-5 pm
  • Friday 27 September 12-1 pm

To book a place, please contact Olivia.graham@nhs.scot, providing your name, organisation, job role, and level of experience with RDS editing (none, a little, moderate, extensive.)

7 Evaluation projects

Dr Stephen Biggart from NHS Lothian has kindly shared with us the results of a recent survey of use of the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh Anaesthesia toolkit. This shows that the majority of consultants are using it weekly or monthly, mainly to access clinical protocols, with a secondary purpose being education and training purposes. They tend to find information by navigating by specialty rather than keyword searching, and had some useful recommendations for future development, such as access to quick reference guidance.

We’d really appreciate you sharing any other local evaluations of RDS in this way – it all helps to build the evidence base for impact.

If you have any questions about the content of this newsletter, please contact his.decisionsupport@nhs.scot  If you would prefer not to receive future newsletters, please email Olivia.graham@nhs.scot and ask to be removed from the circulation list.

 

With kind regards

 

Right Decision Service team

Healthcare Improvement Scotland

Practice points

 

  • If the patient is asymptomatic with corrected calcium* between 2.62 mmol/l and <2.8 mmol/l, rehydrate with fluids and review as per table in treatment section.
  • Explain signs, symptoms and treatment options to the patient, family and carers.
  • Not all symptoms resolve after treatment. This may be due to other cause(s) or underlying disseminated disease.
  • Bisphosphonates may cause mild flu-like symptoms.
  • Bisphosphonates are implicated risk factors in osteonecrosis of the jaw, osteonecrosis of the auditory canal and atypical fractures. 
  • Where possible, patients should have regular dental checks and avoid invasive dental procedures whilst on treatment.
  • The severity of symptoms is related to the rate of increase; not the level of corrected calcium.
  • The speed of recurrence may signify a poor prognosis.
  • Review current treatments for underlying disease.
  • Untreated severe hypercalcaemia can be fatal.

*Corrected calcium = Measured calcium +0.022 x (40 - serum albumin g/l)

Corrected calcium

Hypercalcaemia flowchart

 

Tables are best viewed in landscape mode on mobile devices

Table 1

Corrected calcium* (mmol/l)

Drug and Dose

Diluent and maximum infusion rate

 

Disodium pamidronate

 

2.62 to 3.0

15mg to 30mg

500ml NaCl 0.9% over > 60 minutes

3.0 to 3.5

60mg

500ml NaCl 0.9% over > 60 minutes

3.5 to 4.0

90mg

500ml NaCl 0.9% over > 90 minutes

>4.0

90mg

500ml NaCl 0.9% over > 90 minutes

 

Zoledronic acid

 

>3.00

4mg

100ml NaCl 0.9% over 15 minutes

If corrected calcium >3.0mmol/l, some units routinely give pamidronate 90mg as a higher dose.   

*Corrected calcium = Measured calcium +0.022 x (40 - serum albumin g/l)

 

Reduced doses in renal impairment

  • Disodium pamidronate in renal impairment, seek advice.
  • eGFR >30ml/min: Minimum infusion period 90 minutes, maximum infusion rate 20mg/hour; consider dose reduction.
  • eGFR <30ml/min: avoid except in life threatening hypercalcaemia where specialist advice should be sought to determine if benefit outweighs risk.

 

Zoledronic acid in renal impairment

  • Patients with tumour induced hypercalcaemia  (TIH) and deteriorating renal function should be appropriately assessed to determine if the potential benefit of treatment with zoledronic acid outweighs the possible risk.
  • After 24-48 hours of rehydration, consider a single IV dose of zoledronic acid 4mg in 100ml sodium chloride 0.9% over ≥ 15 minutes. Dose alteration may not be needed in mild to moderate renal impairment in patients with TIH (ie eGFR >30ml/min).
  • Avoid if eGFR <30ml/min, refer to Summary of Product Characteristics (SPCs) (www.medicines.org.uk) for further details.