• Opioid analgesics should not be used to sedate dying patients.
  • Avoid renally excreted opioids (codeine, dihydrocodeine, morphine, diamorphine, oxycodone).
  • SC infusions provide maintenance treatment only; additional SC doses of medication will be needed if the patient’s symptoms are not controlled.
  • Single SC doses of midazolam in renal patients can last 2 to 4 hours. Can also be useful as an anticonvulsant.
  • A marked increase in pain in the dying patient is unusual; reassess and seek advice.