How to use this tool

The frailty assessment and interventions tool is designed to support community health and social care teams to identify and assess people living with frailty and those at risk of falling. It contains interventions to consider, depending on an individual's needs. The tool can be used to help signpost individuals to the right care and support within the community. It can also be used as a checklist to aid assessment of risk factors and prompts for interventions that can reduce risk and improve wellbeing.

Frailty and falls

Frailty and falls screening 

Check

General health status and skin care
Recent decline in function or performance
History of recent falls
Increased hospital admissions or interaction with community services

Consider

Comprehensive geriatric assessment
Multidisciplinary team case review
Health and wellbeing interventions (smoking cessation, alcohol, healthy eating, exercise)
Pressure ulcer assessment
Future care plan
Key worker
Adult support and protection

Social circumstances

Support to live well at home or homely setting 

Check

Informal support being provided
Opportunity for social activities or access
Current care package
Community connections
Willingness to consider lifestyle changes

Consider

Welfare assessment and income maximisation
Carer's assessment
Community assets (befriending and active health classes)
Technology to support health and wellbeing
Referral to social work for home assessment
Key worker
Risk enablement
A Local Information System for Scotland (ALISS)

Mental health

Cognition, mood, fears and anxiety

Check

Changes in memory or mood
Cognitive assessment
Delirium (sudden confusion)
Fear of falling
Signs of infection
Recent medication changes
Loneliness and isolation

Consider

Referral to community mental health teams or GP
Dementia services
Assistive technology assessment
Locality support (leisure and day services)
Advocacy
Counselling and wellbeing services
A Local Information System for Scotland (ALISS)

Environment

Is the environment safe and suitable?

Check

Transfers (bed, toilet and chair)
Safety on internal and external stairs
Lighting 
Home hazards
Pathways around home are clear
Person's interaction with environment (risk taking and balance)
Whether housing meets needs

Consider

Occupational therapy, social work and housing
Scottish Fire and Rescue Service home safety visit
Referral to advise and support around home adaptations and repairs from Care and Repair
Fuel poverty check
Telecare
Housing support

Nutrition

Evidence of weight loss or poor oral intake 

Check

Weight and body mass index (BMI)
Dentition
Ability to make meals and functional ability to feed self
Food and drink normally consumed
Ability to swallow

Consider

Carer support for preparing meals
Encourage hydration
Referral to dietitian for nutritional assessment, Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) and supplementation if needed
Referral to dentist for issues relating to dentition
Vitamin D levels
Referral to a speech and language therapist if swallowing difficulty identified

 

Dizziness or blackout

Complaints of dizziness, light-headedness or "just went down"

Check

Recent medication changes
Manual heart rate
Blood glucose
Lying and standing blood pressure 

Consider

Referral to practice or community nurse
Refer to GP if someone has experienced a loss of consciousness recently 
Medication review
Discussing with specialist falls service
Telehealth and telecare

Medications

Polypharmacy, high risk drugs

Check

Any side effects, particularly dizziness, light-headedness, visual disturbance or hallucinations 
Recent medication changes
Compliance with medication
Use of over-the-counter medication

Consider

Seven steps to appropriate polypharmacy
Referral for compliance aids and telecare
Medication prompts
Influenza and Pneumococcal Pneumonia vaccine

Mobility

Unsteady gait, balance, muscle weakness and fear of falling 

Check

Mobility and gait
Walking aid use and condition
Splints, prosthesis fitting and compliance
Foot pain, skin colour, sensation and movement
Footwear and trip hazards

Consider

Community physiotherapy
Reablement
Occupational therapy
NHS strength and balance class or leisure class
Community connections
Assessment of balance
Podiatry and orthotics
Footwear and foot care advice
Encourage physical activity

Continence

Incontinent of urine and/or faeces

Check

Urinalysis
Clothing easy loosened
Catheter bags secured to leg
Changes to elimination habits
Taking diuretic medication 

Consider

Referral to community or practice nurse for continence assessment
Provision of commode
Fluid intake
Medication review

Vision and hearing

Visual or hearing impairment 

Check

Symptoms of vertigo
Hearing aids fitted correctly and working
Wearing current prescription glasses
Good lighting

Consider

Optometrist for eye check
Any domiciliary optometry service
Advice from optician on use of multifocal glasses
Referral to sensory impairment team 
Practice nurse for ear assessment