Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

Peritonitis associated with dialysis

Seek Renal Unit advice. Their guidelines can be found here Edinburgh Renal Unit Antimicrobial Guidance.

Required investigations

Required Investigations:

  • Blood cultures prior to administering antibiotics.
  • Ascitic fluid culture.

Antibiotic Recommendations

Recommended Duration = 5 days (IV + oral)

Antibiotic Recommendation

Piperacillin-tazobactam 4.5g every 8 hours IV

Penicillin-allergy

Vancomycin (use NHS Lothian Calculator located on AMT intranet page) - target trough level 15-20mg/L

PLUS

Ciprofloxacin 400mg every 12 hours IV (or 500mg every 12 hours orally)

See MHRA fluoroquinolone guidance here.

Piperacillin-tazobactam and ciprofloxacin are associated with C.diff infection. See here for risk factors for C.diff infection.

IV to oral switch

Preferred

Suitable in penicillin-allergy

Co-trimoxazole 960mg every 12 hours orally

Alternative

Co-amoxiclav 625mg every 8 hours orally

Suitable for those ≤ 65 years old. See prevention of Cdiff infection.

Notes

Likely organisms: Gram positive cocci and/or Gram negative coliforms.

  • Discontinue prophylactic antibiotics for duration of treatment.
  • Patients who develop SBP whilst on antibiotic prophylaxis have higher levels of antibiotic-resistance; if ascitic culture is negative continue IV antibiotics for 72 hours before IV to oral switch.
  • If patient not improving at 72 hours then ask for advice here.