Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (RPLS)

Warning

This is a neurological syndrome which can occur rarely in patients treated with all VEGF inhibitors. The symptoms/signs are seizures, headaches, altered mental status, visual disturbance or cortical blindness.  It often (but not always) occurs in the setting of accelerated hypertension. Diagnosis is confirmed by urgent brain MRI which demonstrates typical appearances. This is an emergency requiring urgent discussion with the medical on call team and permanent discontinuation of VEGF-i.

Managing RPLS with VEGF-i therapy

  • Perform a brain MRI to confirm 
  • Treat hypertension  
  • Discontinue VEGF-i permanently  
  • Discuss with medical on call team if assistance with managing BP is required. 

Editorial Information

Last reviewed: 05/01/2024

Next review date: 05/01/2027

Author(s): Edinburgh Cancer Centre.

Version: 1.1

Approved By: Authorised by CTAC. Refer to Q-Pulse for approval details.

Reviewer name(s): Stewart J.